xiii, 338 pages : 24 cm

Includes bibliographical references (pages 269-305) and indexes

Machine generated contents note: pt. I Theory -- ch. 1 The Concept of Defense -- Defense mechanisms, defense behavior, and consciousness -- History of the concept of defense -- The motives for defense: Anxiety, guilt, and loss -- Controversial issues -- Defenses as part of normal development -- Successful versus unsuccessful defenses -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 2 The Concept of Defense Mechanism Development -- The conception of defense mechanism development -- A developmental continuum of defenses -- The development of individual defenses -- Origins of defense mechanisms -- Precursors and prototypes -- Case study -- The developmental course of defense mechanisms -- Research findings: Developmental changes in defense use -- Defense mechanisms and age -- Defense mechanisms and ego development -- Defense mechanisms and cognitive development -- Defense mechanisms and psychosocial development -- Developmental changes in the understanding of defense mechanisms

Note continued: Summary of developmental research studies -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 3 Denial -- Components of denial -- Denial as seen in folktales -- Perceptual denial -- The imposition of a personal fantasy -- Denial and pathology -- The development of two forms of denial -- Perceptual denial -- Denial through fantasy -- Another folktale -- Clinical examples -- The use of denial in projective stories -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 4 Projection -- Components of projection -- Projection as seen in folktales -- The generalization of psychological attributes -- Attribution of responsibility -- Projection proper -- The development of projection -- Another folktale -- Clinical example -- The use of projection in projective stories -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 5 Identification -- Components of identification -- Identification as seen in folktales -- The development of identification -- The development of primary identifications

Note continued: The development of secondary identifications -- Examples of identification in world literature -- Henry IV -- Don Quijote -- Clinical example -- The use of identification in projective stories -- Concluding remarks -- pt. II Research: A Review of the Literature -- ch. 6 Approaches to Measuring Defenses: The Defense Mechanism Inventory -- Description of the DMI -- Reliability -- Validity -- Content validity -- Concurrent validity -- The relationship between DMI scales and cognitive measures -- Field dependence-independence -- Memory constriction -- The relationship between DMI scales and clinical measures -- Questionnaire pathology -- Clinically diagnosed pathology -- The relationship between DMI scales and subject variables -- Sex -- Sexual orientation -- Age, education, birth order, and ethnic group -- Reactions to experimental intervention -- Predicting the response to intervention -- Measuring intervention effectiveness -- Conclusion

Note continued: ch. 7 Other Approaches to Measuring Defenses: Derived Questionnaires, Self-Report Inventories, and Self-Other Ratings -- Defense measures derived from existing personality inventories -- Byrne's R -- S scale -- Haan's MMPI-based defense scales -- Joffee and Naditch's CPI-based scales -- Other MMPI-based scales -- Self-report measures -- The Life-Style Index -- The Defense Style Questionnaire -- Self-report measures for children -- Other measures -- Comment -- Self-other ratings -- Heilbrun's work -- Additional self-other studies -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 8 Other Approaches to Measuring Defenses: Story Completion and Clinical Interviews -- Story completion measures of defense -- The Defense Preference Inquiry -- Other story completion measures -- Studies of defense understanding -- Measures of defense derived from clinical interviews -- Hackett and Cassem: Denial -- Further studies with clinical patients -- The Ego Profile Scale -- Haan's studies

Note continued: Vaillant's work -- The Defense Mechanism Rating Scales -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 9 Other Approaches to Measuring Defenses: Projective Tests and Perceptual Defense Paradigms -- Measures of defense in projective tests -- The Children's Apperception Test (CAT) -- The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) -- The Rorschach -- Measures of defense in perceptual defense paradigms -- The Defense Mechanism Test -- The Meta-Contrast Technique -- Conclusion -- ch. 10 Summary of Research: Defense Mechanisms and Their Relationship to Other Psychological Variables -- Defense mechanisms and personality characteristics -- Defense mechanisms and psychopathology -- Defense mechanisms and physical pathology -- Defense mechanisms and gender or gender orientation -- Defense mechanisms and family background -- Defense mechanisms and relationship with mother -- Defense mechanisms and relationship with father -- Defense mechanisms and cognitive functioning

Note continued: Defense mechanisms and occupations/nationality -- Conclusion -- ch. 11 Experimental Studies of Defense -- Intervention to arouse a specific emotion -- Intervention to provide a threat to self-esteem -- Intervention to introduce an unpleasant physical stimulus -- Intervention to provide instructions or modeling -- Concluding remarks -- pt. III A New Approach to Measuring Defenses -- ch. 12 The Defense Mechanism Manual -- Assessment of Denial with the DMM -- Scoring categories for Denial -- Using the scoring categories for Denial -- Assessment of Projection with the DMM -- Scoring categories for Projection -- Using the scoring categories for Projection -- Assessment of Identification with the DMM -- Scoring categories for Identification -- Using the scoring categories for Identification -- Concluding remarks -- ch. 13 Psychometric Features -- Reliability -- Issues -- Reliability based on the subject's responses -- Split-half method

Note continued: Reliability based on the consistency of observer's ratings of subjects' responses -- Validity -- Criterion-related validity -- Construct validity -- Summary -- ch. 14 Research Findings -- DMM research studies with children and adolescents -- DMM studies with college students -- DMM studies with psychiatric patients -- Summary

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